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Even 3 months after a patient has suffered from a painful incident, there can be ongoing pain despite healing of injured tissue. This highlights the complex nature of chronic pain and suggests that pain can continue long after tissue has healed.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common presentation in physiotherapy and sports medicine practices. It is particularly prevalent in runners, and females tend to be affected more frequently than males. The onset of PFPS is often insidious. Patients describe a diffuse ache in the front knee which is often difficult to localise. Clicking or noise is often experienced. The pain is aggravated by loading activities, such as squatting, kneeling and walking up or downstairs. There may be tenderness and swelling around the kneecap.

Hamstring muscle strains are a common injury in sports, especially those that involve sprinting, bending down and turning and as athletes get older.

Having reduced bone strength makes a person more susceptible to suffering a fracture from forces that usually would not cause a bone to break eg: falling over. Our bone density is measured via a DEXA scan* and, if it falls below 2.5 standard deviations below the mean (average) for the 20 year olds, then we are diagnosed as having osteoporosis.

TMD describes a variety of conditions related to the jaw, jaw joint (temporomandibular joint- TMJ), and surrounding facial muscles that control chewing and moving the jaw.

Hip OA is a common form of arthritis resulting in structural failure of the hip (femoro-acetabular) joint and functional failure of the surrounding muscles.